Figures
Chapter 1. Progress and challenges in the Americas: The evolving landscape of health and equity in the Region
Life expectancy at birth by WHO region, 2000–2050 (projected after 2023)
About this visualization
This chart displays trends in life expectancy at birth across the six WHO regions from 2000 onward, with projected values shown beyond 2023. It allows users to compare changes over time and observe differences between regions in both historical and projected periods.
How to use it
Hover over a line to view values for a specific year and region. Compare regional trajectories, assess how projections differ from historical observations, or click a region in the legend to hide its data.
The Region of the Americas has the lowest proportion of healthy life years relative to total life expectancy among WHO regions – and the gap is widening
About this visualization
This chart shows the proportion of total life expectancy expected to be lived in good health, measured as health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) relative to total life expectancy. The figure compares patterns across WHO regions over time.
How to use it
Select or hover over a regional trend to view annual values and compare patterns over time. Click a region in the legend to hide its data, and use the chart to explore how longevity and healthy years of life vary across regions.
Socio-Demographic Index by country,a Region of the Americas, 2023
About this visualization
This map and ranking display the distribution of Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) values across countries of the Americas in 2023. Countries are grouped according to SDI levels to facilitate comparisons of development context within the Region.
How to use it
Hover over a country to view its SDI value and group classification. Users can compare countries geographically or explore the ranked listing to identify variation across the Region.
Health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) by sex and SDI country group,a Region of the Americas, 2000–2023
About this visualization
This figure presents HALE trends for females and males across SDI country groups from 2000 to 2023. It illustrates how healthy life expectancy varies by both sex and development group.
How to use it
Users can examine individual SDI groups and compare patterns between females and males over time. Hovering over data points reveals the corresponding HALE estimates.
Relationship between current health expenditure per capitaa and life expectancy at birth, selected countries in the Americas, 2000–2023
About this visualization
This interactive scatter-path chart displays the relationship between current health expenditure per capita and life expectancy at birth. Each country is represented by a trajectory showing movement between 2000 and 2023.
How to use it
Select countries, SDI groups, or subregions to explore trends. The starting point represents the year 2000 and the arrow indicates the direction of change through 2023. Hovering over a trajectory displays country-specific values for each year or click the play bottom to follow the moving point year by year.
Relationship between current health expenditure per capitaa and life expectancy at birth by country, Region of the Americas, 2000–2023
About this visualization
This interactive scatter chart displays the relationship between current health expenditure per capita and life expectancy at birth in 2023. Each country is represented by a single point, allowing users to compare countries, SDI groups, and subregions based on their latest available values.
How to use it
Select countries, SDI groups, or subregions to explore differences across the Region. Hovering over a point displays country-specific values for current health expenditure per capita and life expectancy at birth in 2023.
Relationship between domestic general government health expenditure per capitaa and coverage of essential health services by country,b Region of the Americas, 2000–2023
About this visualization
This figure shows the relationship between domestic government health expenditure per capita and the Universal Health Coverage Service Coverage Index. Country trajectories illustrate changes between 2000 and 2023.
How to use it
Users can filter countries or groups and follow each trajectory over time. Hovering over a country path reveals year-specific expenditure and service coverage values.
Relationship between domestic general government health expenditure per capitaa and coverage of essential health services by country,b Region of the Americas, 2000–2023
About this visualization
This interactive scatter chart shows the relationship between domestic government health expenditure per capita and the Universal Health Coverage Service Coverage Index in 2023. Each country is represented by a single point, allowing users to compare countries, SDI groups, and subregions based on their latest available values.
How to use it
Select countries, SDI groups, or subregions to explore differences across the Region. Hovering over a point displays country-specific values for domestic government health expenditure per capita and the Universal Health Coverage Service Coverage Index in 2023.
Composition of current domestic health expenditurea by SDI country group,b Region of the Americas, 2023
About this visualization
This visualization compares the composition of domestic health expenditure across SDI country groups in 2023. Spending is divided into government and compulsory schemes, voluntary payment schemes, and household out-of-pocket expenditure.
How to use it
Hover over each segment to view the exact percentage contribution of each financing source. Users can compare financing patterns across SDI groups.
Percentage of the population experiencing financial hardship due to out-of-pocket (OOP) health spending, selected countries in the Americas vs. global and regional averages, latest available survey yeara
About this visualization
This chart displays the proportion of households experiencing financial hardship associated with out-of-pocket health spending. Estimates are presented for selected countries alongside regional and global averages.
How to use it
Hover over a country bar to view the contribution of large spending and impoverishing spending. The chart can be used to compare the magnitude and composition of financial hardship across countries.
Total fertility rate by country,a Region of the Americas, 2000–2050 (projected after 2023)
About this visualization
This line chart presents fertility trends across countries in the Americas from 2000 onward and includes projections beyond 2023. Selected countries are highlighted while the remaining countries appear in the background.
How to use it
Search for a country to highlight its trajectory. Users can compare fertility rate patterns across countries and view historical and projected values selecting multiple countries.
Population distribution by age and sex, Region of the Americas, 2000 vs. 2023
About this visualization
This population pyramid compares the age and sex structure of the population in the Americas in 2000 and 2023. It provides a snapshot of how the regional population distribution has changed over time.
How to use it
Hover over an age group to view the corresponding population share. Users can compare differences between years, sexes, and age groups.
Population distribution by age and sex, Region of the Americas, 2000 vs. 2023
About this visualization
This chart presents net migration rates for countries in the Americas estimated for 2023. Positive values indicate net in-migration, while negative values indicate net out-migration.
How to use it
Hover over a country to view its migration rate. Users can sort or compare countries to examine the distribution of migration patterns across the Region.
Annual percentage change in gross domestic product (GDP) per capita,a Region of the Americasb vs. global average, 2000–2030 (projected after 2024 or 2025c)
About this visualization
This chart tracks annual percentage change in GDP per capita for the Region of the Americas and compares it with the global average. Historical estimates are combined with projected values for future years.
How to use it
Hover over the regional or global trend lines to view values for specific years. Users can compare countries and regional pattern with the global average and explore individual country trajectories where available.
Chapter 2. Beyond survival: Shifting patterns of disease and disability in the Americas
Age-standardized disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates by WHO Region, 2000–2023
About this visualization
This chart displays age-standardized DALY rates per 100,000 population for each WHO region between 2000 and 2023. By presenting the same indicator across regions, the visualization enables comparisons of overall health loss and its evolution over time.
How to use it
Hover over a bar to view the DALY rate for a specific year. Users can explore trends within each WHO region and compare the magnitude and pace of change across regions over the period shown
Crude disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates, Region of the Americas, 2000–2023 (all causes)
About this visualization
This chart displays crude disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates per 100,000 population in the Region of the Americas from 2000 to 2023. DALYs combine years of life lost due to premature mortality and years lived with disability into a single measure of health loss. Unlike age-standardized rates, crude rates reflect the overall burden experienced by the population while also capturing changes in its age structure over time.
How to use it
Hover over the line to view the DALY rate for a specific year. Users can explore how the crude DALY rate has changed over time and compare values across different years within the period shown.
Age-standardized DALY, YLL, and YLD rates, Region of the Americas, 2000–2023 (all causes)
About this visualization
This chart presents age-standardized rates of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) per 100,000 population in the Region of the Americas from 2000 to 2023. DALYs combine premature mortality and non-fatal health loss into a single measure of overall disease burden. By displaying DALYs alongside their mortality (YLL) and disability (YLD) components, the visualization allows users to examine how each measure has evolved over time.
How to use it
Hover over a line to view the corresponding age-standardized rate for a specific year. Users can compare trends across DALYs, YLLs, and YLDs and explore how the contribution of mortality-related and disability-related health loss has changed over the period shown.
Proportionate share of YLL and YLD in total DALYs, Region of the Americas, 2000–2023
About this visualization
This chart shows the proportional contribution of years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs) to total disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in the Region of the Americas from 2000 to 2023. By presenting each component as a share of total DALYs, the visualization illustrates how the composition of the overall burden of disease and injury has changed over time.
How to use it
Hover over the chart to view the percentage contribution of YLLs and YLDs for a specific year. Users can compare the relative share of mortality-related and disability-related health loss and examine how their contribution to total DALYs has evolved over the period shown.
Age-standardized DALY rates by SHIx cluster,a Region of the Americas, 2000–2023
About this visualization
This chart displays age-standardized DALY rates per 100,000 population from 2000 to 2023 for country clusters in the Region of the Americas. Countries were grouped according to their Sustainable Health Index (SHIx) scores, creating six clusters with similar health system and population characteristics. The visualization enables comparisons of overall disease and injury burden across clusters over time.
How to use it
Hover over a line to view the DALY rate for a specific year and cluster. Users can compare levels and trends across clusters and explore changes in age-standardized DALY rates throughout the period displayed.
Disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates per 100 000 population by age and sex, Region of the Americas, 2000 and 2023 (all causes)
About this visualization
This grouped bar chart compares all-cause disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates per 100,000 population by age group and sex in the Region of the Americas in 2000 and 2023. The visualization shows how the distribution of health loss across the life course differs between females and males and how these patterns have changed over time.
How to use it
Hover over a bar to view the DALY rate for a specific year, age group, and sex. Compare the 2000 and 2023 panels to examine changes over time, or compare the female and male bars within each age group to explore differences by sex.
Top 16 Level 2 causes of health loss by age-standardized DALY rates, Region of the Americas, 2000–2023
About this visualization
This chart shows changes in the ranking of the 16 leading Level 2 causes of health loss in the Region of the Americas between 2000 and 2023, based on age-standardized disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates. A rank of 1 indicates the cause with the highest DALY rate in a given year. The visualization highlights both long-standing leading causes and shifts in the relative position of other causes over time.
How to use it
Follow a line from left to right to examine how the rank of a cause changed between 2000 and 2023. Hover over a line to view the cause, year, DALY rate, and corresponding rank. Compare trajectories to identify causes that moved higher or lower in the ranking, while noting that changes in rank reflect relative position and do not necessarily indicate an increase or decrease in the DALY rate.
Leading causes of health loss due to premature mortality (YLL) vs. disability (YLD), Region of the Americas, 2023
About this visualization
This chart compares the leading causes of health loss due to premature mortality, measured as years of life lost (YLLs), with the leading causes of non-fatal health loss, measured as years lived with disability (YLDs), in the Region of the Americas in 2023. The two panels present age-standardized rates per 100,000 population, illustrating how the leading causes differ between mortality-related and disability-related health loss.
Top five Level 2 causes of health loss by age-standardized DALY rates across SHIx clusters,a Region of the Americas, 2023
About this visualization
This matrix compares the five leading Level 2 causes of health loss across six Sustainable Health Index (SHIx) country clusters in the Region of the Americas in 2023, based on age-standardized disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates. The numbers indicate each cause’s rank within a cluster, with 1 representing the cause with the highest DALY rate. The visualization highlights causes that are consistently prominent across clusters as well as variations in the leading causes of health loss.
Leading Level 2 risk factors by attributable age-standardized DALY rates, Region of the Americas, 2000, 2015, and 2023
About this visualization
This matrix compares the five leading Level 2 causes of health loss across six Sustainable Health Index (SHIx) country clusters in the Region of the Americas in 2023, based on age-standardized disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates. The numbers indicate each cause’s rank within a cluster, with 1 representing the cause with the highest DALY rate. The visualization highlights causes that are consistently prominent across clusters as well as variations in the leading causes of health loss.
Leading Level 2 risk–cause pairings by attributable age-standardized DALY rates, Region of the Americas, 2023
About this visualization
This chart presents the leading Level 2 risk–cause pairings in the Region of the Americas in 2023, ranked by attributable age-standardized disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates per 100,000 population. Each pairing links a risk factor to a specific cause of health loss, illustrating which combinations account for the greatest attributable burden.
Potentially avertable DALYsa as a share of total DALYs by country in the Region of the Americas, 2023
About this visualization
This chart shows potentially avertable disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) as a percentage of total DALYs by country in the Region of the Americas in 2023. Countries are ranked according to the estimated share of health loss exceeding a global benchmark, with the regional average included for comparison. The measure represents a relative, benchmark-defined improvement gap and should not be interpreted as the proportion of disease burden proven to be preventable.
Potentially avertable DALYsa as a share of total DALYs by SHIx cluster,b Region of the Americas, 2023
About this visualization
This chart compares potentially avertable disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) as a percentage of total DALYs across six Sustainable Health Index (SHIx) country clusters in the Region of the Americas in 2023. Countries are grouped according to their SHIx scores, from Cluster 1, representing the lowest scores, to Cluster 6, representing the highest. The visualization shows how the estimated benchmark-defined improvement gap varies across clusters with different health status, service coverage, and enabling conditions.
Share of total DALYs and share of potentially avertable DALYsa by Level 2 cause of health loss,b Region of the Americas, 2023
About this visualization
This chart compares each Level 2 cause’s share of total disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) with its share of potentially avertable DALYs in the Region of the Americas in 2023. Causes are grouped according to whether they account for a relatively higher share of total health loss or a relatively higher share of the benchmark-defined improvement gap. The visualization shows that the causes contributing most to total health loss are not necessarily those accounting for the largest shares of potentially avertable DALYs.
YLL and YLD composition of potentially avertable DALYs, Region of the Americas, 2000, 2015, and 2023
About this visualization
This chart presents the proportional contribution of YLLs and YLDs to potentially avertable DALYs in the Region of the Americas in 2000, 2015, and 2023. It shows how the relative shares of premature mortality and non-fatal health loss within the benchmark-defined improvement gap have changed across the selected years.
How to use it
Hover over a point to view the YLL or YLD share for a specific year. Compare the three selected years to examine changes in the composition of potentially avertable DALYs. The two components sum to 100% in each year.
Cause-specific YLL and YLD composition of potentially avertable DALYs, Region of the Americas, 2023
About this visualization
This chart shows the composition of potentially avertable disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) by Level 2 cause in the Region of the Americas in 2023. For each cause, potentially avertable DALYs are divided into years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature mortality and years lived with disability (YLDs), illustrating how the relative contribution of fatal and non-fatal health loss varies across causes.
How to use it
Hover over a bar segment to view the percentage contribution of YLLs or YLDs to potentially avertable DALYs for a specific cause. Compare the two segments within each bar to determine whether the benchmark-defined improvement gap is composed primarily of premature mortality or disability. Each bar sums to 100% and shows composition rather than the absolute magnitude of potentially avertable DALYs, so bar lengths should not be used to compare the size of the gap across causes.
Chapter 3. Responding to the challenge: Country-led priority-setting for health action
Current health expenditure per capita vs. the share of potentially avertable DALYs, Region of the Americas, 2023
About this visualization
This scatter chart compares current health expenditure (CHE) per capita, expressed in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms, with potentially avertable disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) as a share of total DALYs across countries in the Region of the Americas in 2023. The reference lines represent the regional median values and divide countries into four groups according to whether health expenditure and the share of potentially avertable DALYs are above or below the regional medians.
How to use it
Hover over a point to view the country, current health expenditure per capita, and the share of total DALYs considered potentially avertable. Use the vertical and horizontal reference lines to compare each country with the regional medians and identify its quadrant. The horizontal axis uses a logarithmic scale, and the chart shows an observed cross-country relationship rather than evidence that differences in health expenditure directly cause differences in potentially avertable health loss.
Service bundles: The bridge between priority-setting and implementation at scale
About this visualization
This conceptual framework illustrates how priority service bundles can connect country priority-setting with implementation at scale. Country priorities are informed by burden and avertability, cost-effectiveness and affordability, equity and financial risk protection, and feasibility and delivery readiness. Priority service bundles then organize related interventions around shared scale-up bottlenecks, PHC-centered integrated service delivery networks, and common inputs and systems, supporting a rollout approach that is costed, phased, monitored, and adapted.
Out-of-pocket (OOP) spending as a percentage of current health expenditure by country and SHIx cluster, Region of the Americas, 2023
About this visualization
This chart compares out-of-pocket (OOP) spending as a percentage of current health expenditure across countries in the Region of the Americas in 2023. Countries are organized by Sustainable Health Index (SHIx) cluster and ranked within each cluster, while the regional average is included as a reference. The visualization highlights variation both within and across clusters and shows that relatively low OOP spending shares occur among countries with different SHIx profiles.
Percentage of population facing financial hardship from health spendinga by income quintile, selected countries in the Americas, latest available survey year,b 2015–2023
About this visualization
This chart compares the percentage of the population experiencing financial hardship from out-of-pocket health spending in the poorest and richest income quintiles across selected countries in the Americas. Estimates correspond to each country’s latest available survey year between 2015 and 2023, allowing users to examine socioeconomic inequalities within countries while recognizing that survey years vary across countries.
Chapter 4: Translating priorities into action: Stewardship and governance for health impact
How stewardship and governance translate priorities into health impact: A theory of change for the Americas
About this visualization
This theory-of-change framework presents the methodological approach proposed by Health in the Americas for translating health priorities into action and impact through strengthened stewardship and governance. It links major health system challenges with five interrelated capacities that enable explicit priority-setting, aligned resources, PHC-centered integrated services, intersectoral action, actionable monitoring, and regional learning, with the aim of improving coverage and financial protection, advancing health equity, and strengthening health system resilience