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Salud en las Americas 2022

Salud en las Américas

Chapter 1: Overview of the Elimination Initiative

  1. Pan American Health Organization. An integrated, sustainable framework to elimination of communicable diseases in the Americas. Concept note. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2019. Available from: https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/51106.
  2. Pan American Health Organization. PAHO Disease Elimination Initiative: a policy for an integrated sustainable approach to communicable diseases in the Americas [Resolution CD57. R7]. 57th Directing Council, 71st Session of the Regional Committee of WHO for the Americas; 30 September–4 October 2019. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2019. Available from: https://iris. paho.org/handle/10665.2/58139.
  3. World Health Organization. Eighth report of the Strategic and Technical Advisory Group for Neglected Tropical Diseases (STAG-NTDs). Geneva: WHO; 2015. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/eighth-report-of-the-strategic-and-technical-advisory-group-for-neglected-tropical-diseases-(stag-ntds).
  4. Pan American Health Organization. Social determinants of health. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; [date unknown] [cited 16 August 2024]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/topics/socialdeterminants-health.
  5. Caffe S, Perez F, Kamb ML, Gomez Ponce de Leon R, Alonso M, Midy R, et al. Cuba validated as the first country to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and congenital syphilis: lessons learned from the implementation of the global validation methodology. Sex Transm Dis. 2016;43(12):733–736. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1097/olq.0000000000000528.
  6. Pan American Health Organization. Regional consultation on disease elimination in the Americas. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2015. https://www.paho.org/en/documents/regionalconsultation-disease-elimination-americas.
  7. Pan American Health Organization. PAHO and Canada join efforts to eliminate trachoma in Latin America and the Caribbean. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2023 [cited 16 August 2024]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/news/22-9-2023-paho-and-canada-join-effortseliminate-trachoma-latin-america-and-caribbean.
  8. World Health Organization. Global Tuberculosis Programme: social determinants. Geneva: WHO; c2024 [cited 16 August 2024]. Available from: https://www.who.int/teams/globaltuberculosis-programme/populations-comorbidities/social-determinants.
  9. Pan American Health Organization. PAHO Revolving Fund. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2024 [cited 16 August 2024]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/revolvingfund.
  10. GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020;396(10258):1204–1222. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9.
  11. Hambleton IR, Caixeta R, Jeyaseelan SM, Luciani S, Hennis AJM. The rising burden of noncommunicable diseases in the Americas and the impact of population aging: a secondary analysis of available data. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2023;21:100483. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2023.100483.
  12. Ayorinde A, Ghosh I, Ali I, Zahair I, Olarewaju O, Singh M, et al. Health inequalities in infectious diseases: a systematic overview of reviews. BMJ Open. 2023;13(4):e067429. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067429.
  13. Pan American Health Organization. Climate change and health. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; [date unknown] [cited 16 August 2024]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/topics/climate-change-and-health.
  14. Yglesias-Gonzalez M, Palmeiro-Silva Y, Sergeeva M, Cortés S, Hurtado-Epstein A, Buss DF, et al. Code Red for Health response in Latin America and the Caribbean: enhancing peoples' health through climate action. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2022;11:100248. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2022.100248.
  15. Espinal MA, Alonso M, Sereno L, Escalada R, Saboya M, Ropero AM, et al. Sustaining communicable disease elimination efforts in the Americas in the wake of COVID-19. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2022;13:100313. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2022.100313.

Chapter 2: Regional Progress Towards Elimination Targets

  1. Pan American Health Organization. 18th meeting of the Regional Commission for Certification of Polio Eradication in the Region of the Americas (RCC). Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2024 [cited 11 September 2024]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/news/26-7-2024-18th-meeting-regional-commission-certification-polio-eradication-region-americas-rcc.
  2. Pan American Health Organization. PAHO briefs health professionals on measles as cases increase in the Americas. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2024 [cited 11 September 2024]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/news/21-3-2024-paho-briefs-health-professionals-measles-cases-increase-americas.
  3. World Health Organization. World malaria report 2023. Geneva: WHO; 2023. Available from: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/374472.
  4. World Health Organization. Tuberculosis profile: WHO/PAHO Region of the Americas. Geneva: WHO; 2022 [cited 11 September 2024]. Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/tuberculosis/annex-3-global-tb-report-2019-regional-and-global-profiles.pdf?sfvrsn=7f989e9f_2.
  5. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2023. Geneva: WHO; 2023. Available from: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/373828.
  6. Pan American Health Organization. Tuberculosis. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; [date unknown] [cited 11 September 2024]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/topics/tuberculosis.
  7. World Health Organization. HIV statistics globally and by WHO Region, 2024. Geneva: WHO; 2024. Available from: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/hq-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-library/j0482-who-ias-hiv-statistics_aw-1_final_ys.pdf?sfvrsn=61d39578_3.
  8. Pan American Health Organization. HIV/AIDS. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; [date unknown] [cited 11 September 2024]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/topics/hivaids.
  9. Pan American Health Organization. HIV situation in the Americas. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; [date unknown] [cited 9 September 2024]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/hiv-situation-americas.
  10. Pan American Health Organization. Syphilis. Fact sheet. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; [date unknown] [cited 9 September 2024]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/topics/syphilis.
  11. Pan American Health Organization. Water and sanitation. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; [date unknown] [cited 10 September 2024]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/topics/water-and-sanitation.

Chapter 3: Perspectives on Disease-specific Interventions

  1. Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Soerjomataram I, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024;74(3):229–263. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21834.
  2. Pan American Health Organization. Plan of action for cervical cancer prevention and control 2018–2030. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2019. Available from: https://iris.paho.org/ handle/10665.2/38574.
  3. Pan American Health Organization. Cholera resurgence in Hispaniola. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2024 [cited 13 September 2024]. Available from: https://shiny.paho-phe.org/cholera.
  4. Pan American Health Organization. Cholera: technical guidelines and resources. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; [date unknown] [cited 13 September 2024]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/ en/resurgence-cholera-hispaniola/cholera-technical-guidelines-and-resources.
  5. Pan American Health Organization. Water and sanitation. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; [dateunknown] [cited 13 September 2024]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/topics/water-and-sanitation.
  6. Pan American Health Organization. Air quality. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; [date unknown] [cited 13 September 2024]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/topics/air-quality.
  7. Pan American Health Organization. Combination HIV prevention. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; [date unknown] [cited 11 September 2024]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/topics/combination-hiv-prevention.
  8. Pan American Health Organization. HIV/AIDS. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; [date unknown] [cited 11 September 2024]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/topics/hivaids.
  9. World Health Organization. Tuberculosis. Geneva: WHO; 2023 [cited 11 September 2024]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tuberculosis.
  10. World Health Organization. UN General Assembly high-level meeting on the fight against tuberculosis, 2023. Geneva: WHO; 2023. Available from: https://www.who.int/activities/ preparing-for-the-un-high-level-meeting-on-the-fight-against-tuberculosis--2023.
  11. Pan American Health Organization. Yellow fever. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; [date unknown] [cited 13 September 2024]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/topics/yellow-fever.
  12. Pan American Health Organization. Malaria. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; [date unknown] [cited 13 September 2024]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/topics/malaria.
  13. Commission of the Pan American Health Organization on Equity and Health Inequalities in the Americas. Just societies: health equity and dignified lives. Report of the Commission of the Pan American Health Organization on Equity and Health Inequalities in the Americas. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2019. Available from: https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/51571.
  14. World Health Organization. Handbook on health inequality monitoring with a special focus on low- and middle-income countries. Geneva: WHO; 2013. Available from: https://iris.who.int/ handle/10665/85345.
  15. Mújica OJ, Moreno CM. From words to action: measuring health inequalities to "leave no one behind." Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2019;43:e12. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2019.12.
  16. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Global Burden of Disease 2021: findings from the GBD 2021 study. Seattle: IHME; 2024. Available from: https://www.healthdata.org/researchanalysis/ library/global-burden-disease-2021-findings-gbd-2021-study.
  17. Pardo C, Cendales R. Incidencia, mortalidad y prevalencia de cáncer en Colombia, 2017–2021. Bogota: Instituto Nacional de Cancerología; [forthcoming 2024].

Chapter 4: How to Accelerate the Elimination Efforts in the Region

  1. Pan American Health Organization. Fact Sheet: EMTCT PLUS Initiative 2011–2021. Essential intervention for the prevention of MTCT early childhood transmission of hepatitis B. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2022. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/documents/fact-sheet-emtct-plus-initiative-2011-2021-essential-intervention-prevention-mtct-early.
  2. Pan American Health Organization. Belize, Jamaica and St. Vincent and the Grenadines eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2024. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/news/7-5-2024-belize-jamaica-and-st-vincent-and-grenadines-eliminate-mother-child-transmission-hiv.
  3. Pan American Health Organization. Suriname enhances malaria surveillance with specialized capacity building for community health workers. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2023. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/news/30-11-2023-suriname-enhances-malaria-surveillance-specialized-capacity-building-community.
  4. Pan American Health Organization. Community health workers on the frontline of Haiti's cholera response. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2022. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/stories/community-health-workers-frontline-haitis-cholera-response.
  5. Pan American Health Organization. Building resilient health systems to advance toward universal health in the Americas: lessons from COVID-19. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2022. Available from: https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/56444.
  6. Espinosa LM. Pandemia aceleró uso de la telesalud y se lograron más de 100 millones de citas virtuales. La Republica. 25 May 2021: Salud. Available from: https://www.larepublica.co/especiales/la-salud-despues-del-covid/la-pandemia-acelero-el-uso-de-la-telemedicina-3175267.
  7. Ver Federación Latinoamericana de la Industria Farmacéutica. Recorrido por la telemedicina en América Latina. Mexico City: Fifarma; 2020.
  8. Camacho-Leon G, Faytong-Haro M, Carrera K, Molero M, Melean F, Reyes Y, et al. A narrative review of telemedicine in Latin America during the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare. 2022;10(8):1361. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10081361.
  9. Winny A. Chagas: the most neglected of neglected tropical diseases. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; 2022. Available from: https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2022/chagas-the-most-neglected-of-neglected-tropical-diseases.
  10. Nogueira-Rodrigues A, Flores MG, Macedo Neto AO, Braga LAC, Vieira CM, de Sousa-Lima RM, et al. HPV vaccination in Latin America: coverage status, implementation challenges and strategies to overcome it. Front Oncol. 2022;12:984449. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.984449.
  11. Pan American Health Organization. Increasing production capacity for essential medicines and health technologies. [Document CD59/INF/8]. 59th PAHO Directing Council, 73rd Session of the Regional Committee of WHO for the Americas; 20–24 September 2021. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2021. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/documents/cd598-increasing-production-capacity-essential-medicines-and-health-technologies.
  12. Pan American Health Organization. Performance monitoring tool for the national expanded program on immunization - spreadsheet. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2024 [cited 16 September 2024]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/documents/performance-monitoring-tool-national-expanded-program-immunization-spreadsheet.
  13. Pan American Health Organization. Countries approve policy to strengthen regulatory systems for medicines and other health technologies in the Americas. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2022. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/news/29-9-2022-countries-approve-policy-strengthen-regulatory-systems-medicines-and-other-health.
  14. World Health Organization. Water sanitation and health: WASH and neglected tropical diseases. Geneva: WHO; 2023 [cited 16 September 2024]. Available from: https://www.who.int/teams/environment-climate-change-and-health/water-sanitation-and-health/burden-of-disease/ wash-and-neglected-tropical-diseases.
  15. World Vision International. Why water matters in HIV/AIDS. Monrovia, CA: World Vision; [no date] [cited 16 September 2024]. Available from: https://www.wvi.org/clean-water-sanitationand-hygiene-wash/why-water-matters-hivaids.
  16. Gaspard J, Usey MM, Fredericks-James M, Sanchez-Martin MJ, Atkins L, Campbell Jr. CH, et al. Survey of schistosomiasis in Saint Lucia: evidence for interruption of transmission. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020;102(4), 827-831. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.19-0904.
  17. Garn JV, Wilkers JL, Meehan AA, Pfadenhauer LM, Burns J, Imtiaz R, Freeman MC. Interventions to improve water, sanitation, and hygiene for preventing soil-transmitted helminth infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Jun 21;6(6):CD012199. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd012199.pub2.
  18. World Health Organization. Ending the neglect to attain the sustainable development goals: a global strategy on water, sanitation and hygiene to combat neglected tropical diseases, 2021–2030. Geneva: WHO; 2021. Available from: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/340240.
  19. Pan American Health Organization. Herramientas para el monitoreo de coberturas de intervenciones integradas de salud pública: vacunación y desparasitación para las geohelmintiasis. Washington, DC: PAHO; 2017. Available from: https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/34511.
  20. Pan American Health Organization. Countries of the Americas agree to increase genomic sequencing to detect potentially pandemic pathogens. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2022. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/news/28-9-2022-countries-americas-agree-increase-genomic-sequencing-detect-potentially-pandemic.
  21. Chame M, Barbosa HJC, Gadelha Jr LMR, Augusto DA, Krempser E, Abdalla L. SISS-Geo: leveraging citizen science to monitor wildlife health risks in Brazil. J Healthc Inform Res. 2019; 3(4):414–440. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs41666-019-00055-2.
  22. Pan American Health Organization. Factsheet: drug-resistant tuberculosis in the Americas Region 2022. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2022. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/ documents/factsheet-drug-resistant-tuberculosis-americas-region-2022.
  23. Pan American Health Organization. Plan of action on antimicrobial resistance: final report [Document CD59/INF/10]. 59th PAHO Directing Council, 73rd Session of the Regional Committee of WHO for the Americas; 20–24 September 2021. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2021. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/documents/cd59inf10-plan-action-antimicrobial-resistance-final-report.
  24. Pan American Health Organization. Latin American and Caribbean Network for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance - ReLAVRA+. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; [no date] [cited 16 September 2024]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/topics/antimicrobial-resistance/latin-american-and- caribbean-network-antimicrobial-resistance.
  25. World Health Organization. Social determinants of health. Geneva: WHO; [no date] [accessed 14 September 2024]. https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health.
  26. World Health Organization. Health inequality monitor: health equity assessment toolkit. Geneva: WHO; [no date] [accessed 14 September 2024]. Available from: https://www.who.int/data/inequality-monitor/assessment_toolkit.
  27. Pan American Health Organization and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Monitoring and analysis: monitoring of targets and their inequalities. Washington, DC: PAHO; [no date] [cited 16 September 2024]. Available from: https://opendata.paho.org/en/sdg3/ monitoring-and-analysis/monitoring-of-targets-and-their-inequalities.
  28. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report: tuberculosis in prisons. Geneva: WHO; 2023 [cited 14 September 2024]. Available from: https://www.who.int/teams/globaltuberculosis- programme/tb-reports/global-tuberculosis-report-2023/featured-topics/tb-inprisons.
  29. Pan American Health Organization. Health of the indigenous people in the Americas. [Document CD47/INF/18]. 47th PAHO Directing Council, 58th Session of the Regional Committee of WHO for the Americas; 25–29 September 2006. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2006. Available from: https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/366.
  30. Pan American Health Organization. Intercultural, participatory approach key to ensuring health of Indigenous Peoples in the Americas. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2023. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/news/8-8-2023-intercultural-participatory-approach-key-ensuringhealth- indigenous-peoples-americas.
  31. Pan American Health Organization. Integrating traditional midwives into Bolivia's health care system to promote culturally secure births and intercultural dialogue. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2022. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/stories/integrating-traditional-midwivesbolivias- health-care-system-promote-culturally-secure.
  32. Pan American Health Organization. PAHO study sheds light on perceptions of COVID-19 vaccine among Colombian Indigenous communities. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2024. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/news/24-5-2024-paho-study-sheds-light-perceptions-covid-19- vaccine-among-colombian-indigenous.
  33. Cruz HMC, Pelcastre-Villafuerte BE, Arenas-Monreal L, Ruiz-Rodríguez M. Concerted model of healthcare for Awá Indigenous of Nariño, Colombia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(19):12250. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph191912250.
  34. Pan American Health Organization. Tackling vaccine hesitancy with art and dialogue in Bolivia. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2023. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/stories/tacklingvaccine- hesitancy-art-and-dialogue-bolivia.
  35. Pan American Health Organization. One Health. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; [no date] [cited: 14 September 2024]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/one-health.
  36. Pan American Health Organization. One Health: A comprehensive approach for addressing health threats at the human-animal-environment interface [Document CD59/9]. 59th PAHO Directing Council, 73rd Session of the Regional Committee of WHO for the Americas; 20–24 September 2021. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2021. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/documents/cd599-one-health-comprehensive-approach-addressing-health-threats-humananimal.
  37. Pan American Health Organization. Climate change and health. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; [no date] [cited: 14 September 2024]. Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/topics/climatechange- and-health.
  38. Maciel ELN, Sanchez MN, Da Cruz AM, Neto DBC, Lima NVT. Brazil's pivotal moment in public health: establishing the Interministerial Committee (CIEDDS) for the Elimination of Tuberculosis and Socially Determined Diseases. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2024;57:e006012024. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0597-2023.
  39. Pan American Health Organization. El Salvador da un paso adelante en la iniciativa de Eliminación de las Enfermedades. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2024. Available from: https:// www.paho.org/es/noticias/16-2-2024-salvador-da-paso-adelante-iniciativa-eliminacionenfermedades.
  40. Pan American Health Organization. Honduras avanza hacia la eliminación de enfermedades. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2024. Available from: https://www.paho.org/es/noticias/12-7-2024- honduras-avanza-hacia-eliminacion-enfermedades.
  41. The Carter Center. Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas (OEPA). Atlanta: Carter Center; [no date] [cited 16 September 2024]. Available from: https://www.cartercenter. org/health/river_blindness/oepa.html.
  42. Pan American Health Organization. Recommendations of the 17th Inter-American Ministerial Meeting on Health and Agriculture: One Health and the Sustainable Development Goals. RIMSA17. 21-22 July 2016. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2016. Available from: https://iris.paho.org/ handle/10665.2/51520.
  43. Joudyian N, Doshmangir L, Mahdavi M, Tabrizi JS, Gordeev VS. Public-private partnerships in primary health care: a scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res. 2021;21(1):4. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05979-9.
  44. Pan American Health Organization. Promoting immunization equity in the americas. intersectoral collaboration, civil society participation, and community engagement: Sucre, Bolivia (Plurinational State of). Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2021. Available from: https://iris.paho. org/handle/10665.2/54186.
  45. Questa K, Das M, King R, Everitt M, Rassi C, Cartwright C, et al. Community engagement interventions for communicable disease control in low- and lower- middle-income countries: evidence from a review of systematic reviews. Int J Equity Health. 2020;19(1):51. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01169-5.

Chapter 5: Achieving elimination

  1. Fitzpatrick C, Nwankwo U, Lenk E, de Vlas SJ, Bundy DAP. An investment case for ending neglected tropical diseases. In Holmes KK, Bertozzi S, Bloom BR, Jah P, editors. Major infectious diseases. 3rd edition. Washington, DC: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank; 2017. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0524-0.
  2. Lenk EJ, Redekop WK, Luyendijk M, Fitzpatrick C, Niessen L, Stolk WA, et al. Socioeconomic benefit to individuals of achieving 2020 targets for four neglected tropical diseases controlled/eliminated by innovative and intensified disease management: human African trypanosomiasis, leprosy, visceral leishmaniasis, Chagas disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018;12(3):e0006250. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006250.
  3. The Stop TB Partnership. The paradigm shift: global plan to end TB 2018–2022. Geneva: Stop TB Partnership; 2019. Available from: https://stoptb.org/assets/documents/global/plan/GPR_2018-2022_Digital.pdf.
  4. Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS. Fast track: ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030. Geneva: UNAIDS; 2014. Available from: https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/JC2686_WAD2014report_en.pdf.
  5. Sim SY, Watts E, Constenla D, Brenzel L, Patenaude BN. Return on investment from immunization against 10 pathogens in 94 low- and middle-income countries, 2011-30. Health Aff. 2020;39(8):1343–1353. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00103.